1、菌种名称：Mycoplasma synoviae滑膜支原体
2、菌种编号：TS210183
3、菌种危害程度：三级
二、Mycoplasma synoviae 滑膜支原体保藏条件
斜面菌种和冻干菌种应在2~8℃保存。
三、Mycoplasma synoviae 滑膜支原体培养条件
1、培养基编号：ATCC Medium: 2764 SP4-Z MEDIUM
PPLO Broth………………………3.5 g
Tryptone………………………….10.0 g
Peptone…………………………...5.0 g
DI Water……………………….….640.0 ml
DNA (fish sperm)………………...0.2 g (spectrum DE120; cas# 100403-24-5)
Adjust pH to 7.4 and autoclave at 121ºC.
Add aseptically:
CMRL-1066 medium (10x concentrated;ATCC 20-2207)…….50 ml
Yeastolate (2%, autoclaved)…………………………….100 ml
Fetal bovine serum (heat-inactivated)…………………85 ml
Swine serum (heat-inactivated)…………………………85 ml
Glucose (50% aqueous solution)……………………….20 ml
L-cysteine solution (see below)…………………………..10 ml
NAD solution (see below)…..………………………….…10 ml
Medium containing agar should be placed at 55ºC before adding supplements.
Re-adjust pH to 7.4 after addition of supplements
2% Yeastolate Solution
TC Yeastolate…………………………………………… 2g
DI Water…………………………………………………. 100ml
50% Glucose Solution
Glucose…………………………………………………. 10g
DI Water………………………………………………… 20ml
L-cysteine solution
L-cysteine………………………………………………….0.01 g
DI Water……………………………………………………10 ml
NAD solution
NAD…………………………………………………………0.1 g
DI Water…………………………………………………….10 ml
3、培养温度：37℃
四、菌种注意事项
1、冻干首次活化，干粉要全部用完，不能保留，参考“开管说明”用无菌吸管吸取0.3ml~0.5ml的培养液（即以上建议的培养基配方，不加琼脂）或者无菌水，滴入冻干管中，轻轻振荡至其溶解，吸取全部菌悬液，接种在培养基上（建议不超过2支斜面或平板；若接种液体培养基，则试管中液体培养基不超过5ml为宜） ；
2、复苏后，微生物菌种应保藏于建议的温度、清洁和干燥的地方，室温放置时间过长会导致菌种衰退。
3、初次使用时请按照本说明书推荐条件进行复活培养，如使用其它类型培养基或培养条件造成菌种不活等损失，泰斯拓生物不负责任。
4、使用者应保证菌种的安全存储和操作，带菌废弃物应高压灭菌处理后丢弃。
1. What species are affected by MS?
Mycoplasmas tend to be host-specific. The usual hosts for Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are chickens and turkeys. However MS has been also isolated from many other birds species, including pigeons, ducks, geese, and even home sparrows. Rabbits, rats, pigs and other mammals are not susceptible to experimental inoculation. MS does not affect humans.
2. How is MS transmitted?
Infection between birds occurs readily by direct contact. Infection may occur as early as 1 week of age, but it occurs most commonly when chickens are 4-16 weeks old. Chronic infection follows the acute phase and may persist for the life of the flock. The chronic stage may be seen at any age. If MS is introduced in a flock, usually 100% of the birds become infected, although none or only a few develop joint lesions.
Vertical transmission (from parent to chick) occurs naturally; however many flocks hatched from infected hens remain free of infection. Vertical transmission plays a major role in spread of MS in chickens and turkeys.
3. What are the clinical signs?
MS infection most frequently occurs as a subclinical (infection with no clinical signs) upper respiratory infection. It may cause respiratory signs when combined with other pathogens, such as infectious bronchitis virus. MS receives its name, because occasionally the bacteria become systemic and result in infection of the membrane that covers the joints (synovium). Clinical signs are observed when joints become affected. The birds become pale comb, lame, and have retarded growth. Swelling of the joints and breast blisters may be observed.
Infection of the respiratory tract may result in inflammation of the air sacs, which result in higher condemnations of meat birds at slaughter.
Egg production is minimally or not affected at all. Eggs produced by an infected flock are suitable for human consumption.
4. How can MS be diagnosed?
Diagnosis of the bacteria is performed by detection of the pathogen. Detection may be done by PCR (direct detection of DNA) or by isolation and identification from lesions or upper respiratory tract. PCR procedure is slightly superior to isolation.
Detection of antibodies (immune response) from blood is also possible. Although this assay is less expensive, there are a few disadvantages: it takes 2-4 weeks from infection time to produce detectable antibodies, there is a chance of false positive results, antibodies stay in the body even after the pathogen is gone therefore confirmation by PCR or isolation is still needed.
Contact the lab to obtain information about how to collect and submit samples for any of these assays.
5. If my flock is MS positive, do I need to depopulate?
There is no requirement to depopulate affected flocks.
6. What can I do to control the disease?
Water hygiene is essential to control not only MS but also any other respiratory disease. Use water nipples. Change the water daily. Treat the water with chlorine or citric acid (Mix 2 Tbsp in 1cup of water. Then mix 2 Tbsp of this mix in 1 gallon of fresh water).
Although many antibiotics may be effective against MS, it is not recommended to use them unless you obtain an accurate diagnosis. It is possible the birds might have a different condition that is not treatable with antibiotics, or even worse resistance to antibiotic may develop if the antibiotics are not used properly.
7. Do I need to test my flock for MS?
If you observe sick/dead birds, it is always a good idea to submit samples to the lab to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
Under NPIP Subpart E, exhibition poultry and backyard flocks are required to test only for Pullorum-Typhoid (P-T) and Avian Influenza. However before moving birds to a different state, consult with WSDA (1-800-606-3056) for testing requirements. Some states may require proof of the flock/birds be negative for MS or other conditions.
